The ... syntax creates a parameter pack or expands one. A template parameter pack is a template parameter that accepts zero or more template arguments (non-types, types, or templates). A template with at least one parameter pack is called a variadic template.

template <typename... T>
struct arity {
  constexpr static int value = sizeof...(T);
};
static_assert(arity<>::value == 0);
static_assert(arity<char, short, int>::value == 3);

An interesting use for this is creating an initializer list from a parameter pack in order to iterate over variadic function arguments.

template <typename First, typename... Args>
auto sum(const First first, const Args... args) -> decltype(first) {
  const auto values = {first, args...};
  return std::accumulate(values.begin(), values.end(), First{0});
}

sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // 15
sum(1, 2, 3);       // 6
sum(1.5, 2.0, 3.7); // 7.2